The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has raised alarms over the alarming levels of faecal coliform bacteria in the Ganga and Yamuna rivers at Prayagraj, especially as millions gather to take a dip at the Sangam during the Maha Kumbh. This concern follows a report by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), submitted on February 3, which highlighted significantly high bacterial contamination at various locations near the Sangam, particularly on Shahi Snan days. But what does this mean for public health, and how serious is the risk?
Faecal coliform bacteria enter water bodies primarily through human and animal waste. Their presence serves as a key indicator of water quality and potential contamination by harmful, disease-causing pathogens.
The CPCB report revealed shocking figures—total coliform levels in the Ganga were approximately 1,400 times above the acceptable standard, while the Yamuna exhibited contamination levels up to 660 times higher at certain points in Prayagraj.
Additionally, the report found that the river water failed to meet the required standards for bathing due to excessive biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). It also did not comply with primary water quality criteria for safe bathing concerning faecal coliform levels.
According to the US-based water research initiative KnowYourH2O, untreated faecal waste releases excess organic material into water bodies. As this material decomposes, it depletes oxygen levels in the water, posing a severe threat to aquatic life. This not only endangers marine ecosystems but also increases health risks for those exposed to contaminated water.
Given these findings, the presence of high faecal coliform levels in the Sangam is a serious public health concern, raising urgent questions about water safety and pollution control measures.
